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This list covers the period from the appointment of the fliture emperor Maurikios as Comes Excubitorurn and/nt Foederatorum in 575 until
the completion of he thematic system under Constans. It therefore includes the wars of Ileraklcios. It is mainly based on the Strategikon The
arrmy now fought in two lines separated in depth The first line consisted of 3 commands, each of a deep block in close order flanked on
both sides by units in open order, preferably archers. The centre comprised the Phoideratoi, now an elite regular corps recruited mainly from
Goths but which could now include citizens and fought with Byzantine weapons, commanded by the second-in-command. Vexillationes and
Illyricani were of old field army regiments of the stratiota and were placed to right and left The second or support line was of 4 close order
hlocks with intervals for the fnst tine to retreat through. temporarily occupied by 3 units of linkers in very shallow formation Boukellano
fonnned the C-in-C's bodyguard in the middle, next to the Optirnates. who were noble Goths and similar Germans armed in their native style
Since their formation is specified in the Strategicon, they Isnew at least some drill. Kavallarioi in close order formed 7 to 10 ranks deep,
depending on regiment. Boukellarini possibly only 5. The 1st, 2nd and last ranks were primarily lancers with shield, though the early part of
the Strategikon and the Dc Militari Scientia suggest that, initially, they might still have carried bows as well. Thte length of the lance was
probably increased in imitation of the Avars The first rank were, if possible, to ride frontally antoured horses The 3rd to penultimate ranks
were archers, though in the case of the Phoideratoi these might have to be supplemented by recruits still carrying their native weapons Close order cavalry are thus Ibest represented by a lancer element on frontally armoured horses, followed by a contiguous archer element, with, in
the case of Phoideratoi, possibly one Figure substituting spear andlor javelins for bow. Accordingly, Cv (0) archers must all be double-based
behind Cv (S) lancers Modern writers suggesting that cavalry were antoured "to the ankle" seem unaware that the same word in Greek is
used for ankle, elbow and wribi Both the latter seem more likely- Scouts, outfiankecs, flank guards, cursores, ambushers and linkers arc best
represented by 2 kavallarioi archers or 1 lancer and 1 archer per base. liowever, scouts are sometimes said to have lefi off their armour,
hence the LH (F) option. When infantry were used, they could be concentrated in the centre or with blocks interspersed with the front line
cavalry and on the flanks They do not seem to have been trained as rigorously as the cavalry Ilicy consisted of skoutatoi with hig shields,
short spears, swords and sometimes lead weighted darts, and psilni armed with bow and buckler Although the nominal depth for the
skoutatoi was 16 ranks, Book [2, Chapter 7 of the strategikon makes it plain that the normal combat depth was S ranks when resisting
cavalry and 4 when attaicking. They changed to 16 deep only to allow the passage through the intervals of friendly cavalry. In defence, the
first 2 ranks fixed their spear butts in the ground while the remainder thrust and threw their spears overhead In attack, all threw their spears.
then fought with their swords An S rank fonmation of skoutatoi was supported from behind by 2 ranks of psibi, a 4 rank formation by I Any
surplus archers were deployed either between the infantry and the cavalry or outside the cavalry. It was accepted that at least the rcar ranks
of the skoutato would have to do withnut mail and that shortage of trained archers would require some psibi to be javelin armed Javelinmen
were actually preferred to archers when fighting in wooded country. Artillery was deployed as part of the baggage defences, the best
concentrated at the ends. Minirna marked * apply only if any foot are used. only one nation of allies can be used. 40,000 Byzantine-trained
Miatar cavalry that joined Heraklcios at Constantinople in 627 had mostly deserted before the battle of ~ineveb later that year.

Fuente: DBM Army List Book 3.